Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• -enhanced Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. They can open new avenues for characterizing nano-objects and make it possible to study chemical and physical phenomena occurring at the nanoscale. Following the preparation and application of monometallic nanowire probes, Fang et al. [36] proposed a

• minimum radius of curvature of 3 nm with different applied bias pressures. The resulting gold nanowire probes are chemically inert and have a high lateral resolution. Such gold-functionalized tips can be applied to various spectroscopic and imaging techniques with nanoscale resolution, such as tip

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• slightly decrease the in-plane electrical conductivity, whereas mirror twin boundaries lead to photoluminescence quenching and increase the conductivity [17]. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been successfully used to visualize the point defect-related Raman vibrational modes in monolayer WS2 and edge

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• measurements are easier to implement, since no additional sample preparation is necessary [20]. There is a number of AFM-based methods, such as tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) [21], AFM-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) [16][22], noncontact AFM (ncAFM ) [23][24], chemical AFM (cAFM) [25][26], and

Nanomechanics of few-layer materials: do individual layers slide upon folding?

• Ronaldo J. C. Batista,
• Rafael F. Dias,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Alan B. de Oliveira,
• Taise M. Manhabosco,
• Thiago R. Gomes-Silva,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Andreij C. Gadelha,
• Cassiano Rabelo,
• Luiz G. L. Cançado,
• Ado Jorio,
• Hélio Chacham and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1801–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.162

• thickness range. In contrast, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements on edges in folded graphene flakes, 14 layers thick, show no significant strain. This indicates that layers in graphene flakes, up to 5 nm thick, can still slip to relieve stress, showing the richness of the effect in 2D systems. The

• any 2D material and not restricted to talc. This hypothesis was investigated employing a near-field tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) setup [36][37] that can probe strain variations across the edge of a folded graphene flake of 5 nm thickness (see Supporting Information File 1, section “Near

• -field tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy”). Our TERS measurements (see Supporting Information File 1) do not show significant changes in the G band of the Raman spectra in the folded region. This either indicates a negligible strain in the fold region, or a combination of small compressive and tesile

Optically and electrically driven nanoantennas

• Monika Fleischer,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1542–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.136

• spectroscopy (SERS); tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS); tunnel junction; Editorial Optical antennas + serve to confine the energy of photons transported by a light wave to a tiny volume much smaller than the wavelength; or reversely, to convert the energy of an evanescent field that oscillates at optical

• configurations with increasing control over their optical performance [1][2][3][4]. The strong local near-field enhancement by plasmonic nanoantennas is being harnessed for high sensitivity, high-resolution optical nanospectroscopy techniques [5], such as surface-enhanced or tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• , Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.99 Abstract Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is combined with polarization angle-resolved spectroscopy to investigate the nanometer-scale structural properties of core–shell silicon nanowires (crystalline Si core and amorphous Si shell), which were synthesized by platinum

• of the Raman peaks of crystalline Si and amorphous Si by applying tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, at sample positions being 8 nm apart. The local crystallinity revealed using confocal Raman spectroscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy agrees well with the high-resolution transmission electron

• local structural properties of Si nanomaterials at the sub-10 nanometer scale using tip-enhanced Raman techniques. Keywords: core–shell nanowires; local crystallinity; polarization angle-resolved spectroscopy; silicon; tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Introduction The properties of silicon are long

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• tested on dyes, pigments and biomolecules and enhancement factors higher than 105 are observed. TERS mapping with a spatial resolution of 5 nm is demonstrated. Keywords: amyloid; enhanced spectroscopy; gold tips; plasmonics; TERS; Introduction Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) combines the

• Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.9.254 Abstract Tip-enhanced Raman

• spectroscopy (TERS) has become a well-applied technique for nanospectroscopy, allowing for single molecule sensitivity with sub-nanometer spatial resolution. The demand for efficient, reproducible and cost-effective probes for TERS is increasing. Here we report on a new electrochemical etching protocol to

Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography

• Gitanjali Kolhatkar,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Jiawei Zhang,
• Chahinez Dab,
• Gregory Q. Wallace,
• François Lagugné-Labarthet and
• Andreas Ruediger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1536–1543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.144

• analysis with the high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopy [3][4][5]. This method has been applied to various fields of research such as plasmonic analysis [6][7], Raman spectroscopy (tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, TERS) [8][9], or infrared analysis [10]. In this microscopy technique, a laser

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• close proximity to a sample surface and illuminated by an external source [60][61]. Following the operating principles as in s-SNOM functionality, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) involves keeping a metal nanostructure (tip) at a small distance above a sample, providing a highly localized field

• of fundamental relevance to study near-field nonlinear optical phenomena [1][2]. Particularly relevant is the strong electric field enhancement on resonance that can be of special interest for various applications, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [3][4], tip-enhanced Raman

• spectroscopy (TERS) [5], plasmonic photovoltaics [6][7][8], plasmonic nanosensors [9][10], and near-field optical theory [2][11][12]. It is commonly accepted that enormous field enhancements at the resonance of the optical response applied to randomly patterned metal nanostructures are highly dependent upon

Au nanoparticle-based sensor for apomorphine detection in plasma

• Chiara Zanchi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Sebastiano Trusso,
• Ugo de Grazia,
• Emilio Ciusani and
• Paolo M. Ossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2224–2232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.228

• functionalized for the selective and sensitive detection of, for example, tumor cells [4]. Combining the SERS effect with scanning probe microscopy techniques (tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, TERS), molecular information can be obtained with high spatial resolution to show differences in the local chemical

Superluminescence from an optically pumped molecular tunneling junction by injection of plasmon induced hot electrons

• Kai Braun,
• Xiao Wang,
• Andreas M. Kern,
• Hilmar Adler,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Thomas Chassé,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1100–1106, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.111

• -field optical microscopy; tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Introduction The emission of photons from the gap of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been a focus of interest for more than twenty years [1][2] and has been used for acquiring spectroscopic information with ultra-high spatial

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopic imaging of patterned thiol monolayers

• Johannes Stadler,
• Thomas Schmid,
• Lothar Opilik,
• Phillip Kuhn,
• Petra S. Dittrich and
• Renato Zenobi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 509–515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.55

• spectroscopy, emphasizing the usefulness of TERS. Keywords: mercaptopyridine; microcontact printing; monolayer; spectroscopic imaging; tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Introduction The chemical characterization of surface adsorbates is of great interest in several areas of research. The composition of

• results in weak signals rendering characterization even more difficult. Ideally, information should be gathered with minimal disturbance of the molecules, which rules out any kind of labeling, and also emphasizes the need for an ambient pressure technique. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has been

• Johannes Stadler Thomas Schmid Lothar Opilik Phillip Kuhn Petra S. Dittrich Renato Zenobi Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI E 329, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.2.55 Abstract Full spectroscopic imaging by means of tip-enhanced